Why Is It The Interest Of United Law - 3517 Words

Why is it in the interest of states to obey International Law? ABSTRACT A growing discussion amongst IR scholars and International legal scholars alike has been the debate on if International law (IL) is really law especially since it lacks the basic characteristics of domestic law. Is international law a law just in name or in action also? If it is a law, do states obey this Law? And why will it be in the interest of a state to obey such law (if it does exist). This essay is an attempt to explain what IL is and to point out likely reasons why it is in a state interest to obey IL. This essay is drawn largely from work written by various scholars at different times to draw my conclusion INTRODUCTION: All states in the contemporary international system, both great and small, are compelled to justify their behaviour according to an international legal framework. Although Goldsmith Posner (2005:4) contended that due to the fact that most academic work on International Law has been written by Law Professors, they explained that these scholars have all shared an assumption which is not empirical enough, these assumptions drawn from the international rules of opinion juris (the â€Å"sense of legal obligation† that makes customary international law binding) and pacta sunt servanda (the rule that all treaties must be obeyed) They however opined that Contemporary international law scholarship does not deny that states have interests and they try to pursue them. This essay seeks toShow MoreRelatedWhy Is It The Interest Of United Law?3517 Words   |  15 Pages Why is it in the interest of states to obey International Law? ABSTRACT A growing discussion amongst IR scholars and International legal scholars alike has been the debate on if International law (IL) is really law especially since it lacks the basic characteristics of domestic law. Is international law a law just in name or in action also? If it is a law, do states obey this Law? And why will it be in the interest of a state to obey such law (if it does exist). This essay is an attempt to explainRead MoreTheu.s V. Lopez, The United States Supreme Court854 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United State Supreme Court held that state law could provide students a property interest in their education, but forty years have passed and courts remain uncertain of when such an interest exists. In Goss v. Lopez, the United States Supreme Court extended due process protections to a group of high school students in Ohio. The Court determined that Ohio state law provided the high school students a property interest in their continued enrollment at the school, and that suc h an interest wasRead MoreWhy The United States Entered World War I942 Words   |  4 Pagesreadings. There will also be insight given to why the United States entered World War I, and whether or not the reasons were persuasive. Other things will also be discussed, including: what America’s war aims were, and how Wilson’s goals were unrealistic, misleading, overly idealistic and moralistic. The fact that Wilson expected too much of international law and international organization. Also, why Wilson’s goals were not achieved. That the national interest is what should guide American diplomacy.Read MoreHuman Rights And The Constitution : Property Rights1388 Words   |  6 PagesInternational and British American Tobacco v Commonwealth (2012) 291 ALR 669. The cigarette manufacturers had argued that plain packaging laws constitute an ‘acquisition of property’ (eg, trade marked logos and images on cigarette boxes) not on ‘just terms’. Was th is a good outcome? Should the Australian Constitution protect property rights robustly (strongly? Why or why not? CASE DO FORGET IBID http://www.lexisnexis.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/au/legal/results/enhdocview.do?docLinkInd=trueerRead MoreThe Democracy Of The United States Government1246 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment officials. This is known as Direct Democracy, which means that the citizens play a significant role on the laws and policies of the land. Although the liberty of voting is available, why is the voter turnout so low? Many other countries have a much larger vote turnout than the United States. The reason for this varies; some major points would be the Demographics, voting laws, and political favoritism/corruption that affect the voter turnout. When the people vote for a public figure theyRead MoreCurrency Depreciation, Currency, And Currency1519 Words   |  7 Pagescurrency and the domestic currency is the counter currency. While in an indirect quotation, the domestic currency is the base currency and the domestic currency is the counter currency. For example, a United States dollar is equal to $1.1050 in Canada. In this example, the base currency is the United States dollar and the counter currency is the Canadian dollar. Exchange rates have the ability to change every day. Currency depreciation is the decline in value of one currency relative to another.Read MoreThe Secret History of the Credit Card Essay616 Words   |  3 Pagesis the main purpose of a usury law? Be specific. The purpose of usury laws was to regulate the maximum interest rates of loans. This law was created to protect borrowers from excessively high interest rates. It insured that lenders could not put the borrower in a situation where they were not able to fully pay off their debt. However, as said on investopedia.com, â€Å"In the United States, individual states are responsible for setting their own usury laws.† 2. Why did South Dakota decide to eliminateRead MoreThe Importance of Interest Groups in the Law-Making Process Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Interest Groups in the Law-Making Process Interest Groups are an important part of the law-making process in many countries. Ideally, they are highly organized groups, composed of citizens that lobby in different ways for a cause. There are literally thousands of different groups in the United States, each putting forth much time and effort for their supporters. This paper will discuss the different types of interest groups, as well as how and why they exist. Without theseRead MoreChinas Expansion Into The South China Sea Case Study1351 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational law, disrupts naval activities in the region, also the issue is creates tension in between the U.S. and China. Reflecting on the history of U.S. Foreign Policy and its policy of protecting U.S. interests, freedom of trade, and freedom of the seas, would it be in the U.S. best interest to further address China’s expansion into the South China Sea? I believe that the U.S. should take a stance against China’s expansion into the South China Sea to further enforce that international law is upheldRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War1223 Words   |  5 Pagesrevolution is extremely subjective. What may appear as an insurrection to some might not be as extreme to others. When talking about the American Revolutionary War, however, the answer is clear. While the War certainly brought about change within the United States, it wasn’t necessarily very revolutionary. The most important aspects of the colonies, such as ideas about government, various types of societal equality, slavery and freed blacks, and the rights of women remained for the most part, unaffected

Ap Bio Work Free Essays

Label the seven repertories illustrated here, and give a different example of each. Enter answer here Evolutionary Adoption Enter answer environment Response to the here Enter answer Order here Regulation Energy Processing Enter Development Concept 1. 1 Themes connect the concepts of biology 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Bio Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now What are emergent properties? Give two examples. Properties that are not present at the preceding level. Reproduction 3. Life is organized on many scales. Figure 1. 4 zooms you in from viewing Earth from space all the way to the level of molecules. As you study this figure, choose the correct label for each picture. Exosphere ecosystem ell organism organelle community tissue molecule population 4. Our study of biology will be organized around recurring themes. Make a list here of the themes that are presented, and give an example that illustrates each theme. Watch for these themes throughout your study this entire year. This will help you see the big picture and organize your thinking. (Go to the Summary of Key Concepts at the end of the chapter for a concise look at the themes. ) Theme 1 Example Organisms Interact with other organisms and the Physical Environment The leaves of a tree, for example, absorb light from the sun, Theme 2: Life requires energy transfer and transformation Theme 3: Theme 4: A fundamental characteristic of living organisms is their use of energy to carry out life’s activities. Theme 5: Theme 6: Theme 7: (Find it in 1. 2. ) Concept 1. 2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life 5. Life is organized into groups. Study Figure 1. 14. Which level contains the greatest diversity of organisms? The least? 6. Taxonomy is the branch of biology that names and classifies organisms. Because of new molecular information, there have been many changes in placement of certain groups in recent years. Notice that all life is now organized in your text into 3 domains rather than the 5 kingdoms you may have learned earlier. Choose the kingdoms mentioned in the text in the space above the proper domain names shown here. Mammalian Protests 7. What two main points were articulated in Darning’s The Origin of Species? 8. What did Darwin propose as the mechanism of evolution? Summarize this mechanism. Are the two main types of scientific inquiry? Give an example of each. 10. What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? Is either used by scientists? 1 1 . Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data. Which type would be resented in a data chart and could be graphed? Which type is found in the field sketches made by Jane Goodwill? 12. In science, how do we define hypothesis? 13. A scientific hypothesis has two important qualities. The first is that it is testable. What is the second? 14. Look at Figure 1. 24. Use it to write a hypothesis using the â€Å"If .. . Then .. .† Format. 15. What is a controlled experiment? 16. The text points out a common misconception about the term â€Å"controlled experiment†. In the snake mimicry experiment, what factors were held constant? 7. Explain what is meant by a scientific theory by giving the three ways your text prepares a theory from a hypothesis or mere speculation. Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life 2. 3. This chapter covers the basics that you may have learned in your chemistry class. The questions that follow should help you focus on the most important points. Ma tter element trace element neutron atomic number atomic mass energy polar covalent bond anion compound proton isotope electronegative action dynamic equilibrium essential element electron electron shells monopoly covalent bond hydrogen bond Concept 2. Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds 1. What four elements make up 96% of all living matter? Concept 2. 2 An element’s properties depend on the structure of its atoms 2. Below is a model of an atom of helium, correctly label the electrons, protons, neutrons, and atomic nucleus. 3. What is the atomic number of helium? Its atomic mass? 4. Consider this entry in the periodic table for carbon. What is the atomic mass? Atomic number? How many electrons does carbon have? Neutrons? 5. What are isotopes? Use carbon as an example. 6. Explain radioactive isotopes and one medical application that uses them. 7. Which is the only subatomic particle that is directly involved in the chemical sections between atoms? 8. What is potential energy? 9. Explain which has more potential energy in each pair: a. Boy at the top of a slide/boy at the bottom electron in the third energy shell the chemical behavior of an atom? B. electron in the first energy shell/ c. Water/glucose 10. What determines a. How many valence electrons does it have? B. How many protons does it have? Concept 2. 3 The formation and function of molecules depend on chemical bonding between atoms 12. Now, refer back to your definition of a compound and fill in the following chart: Molecule? (y/n) Compound? (y/n) Molecular Formula Water Carbon dioxide Methane Structural Formula 02 13. What type of bond is seen in 02? Explain what this means. 14. Choose the correct labels for the electron distribution diagram of water. Which element is most electronegative? Molecule? Why is water considered a polar (This is a very important concept. Spend some time with this one! ) 15. Another bond type is the ionic bond. Explain what is happening in the figure below (2. 14): 16. What two elements are involved above? 17. In the preceding example, which is the anion? 18. Indicate where the hydrogen bond occurs in this figure. Hydrogen 19. Here is a list of the types of bonds and interactions discussed in this section. On the chart: hydrogen bonds, van deer Walls interactions, covalent bonds, ionic bonds. Van deer Walls interactions 20. What is the biological importance of weak bonds? 21 . Use morphine and endorphins as examples to explain why molecular shape is crucial in biology. Concept 2. 4 Chemical reactions make and break chemical bonds 22. Write the chemical shorthand equation for photosynthesis. Label the reactants and the products. 23. For the equation you Just wrote, how many molecules of carbon dioxide are there? How many molecules of glucose? How many elements in glucose? Chapter 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment polar molecule specific heat solute pH cohesion evaporation hydrophilic acid adhesion solvent hydrophobic base Concept 3. 1 The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding 1. Why is water considered polar? 2. How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form? Concept 3. 2 Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth’s fitness for life Hydrogen bonding accounts for the unique properties of water. Let’s look at several. Cohesion 3. What is demonstrated when you see beads of water on a waxed car hood? Calorie solution military . Which property explains the ability of a water strider to walk on water? Moderation of Temperature 5. Water has high specific heat. How does water’s specific heat compare to alcohol’s? 6. Explain how hydrogen bonding contributes to water’s high specific heat. 7. Summarize how water’s high specific heat contributes to the moderation of temperature. How is this property important to life? 8. What is heat of vaporization? Explain at least three effects of this property on living organisms. Expansion upon Freezing 9. Ice floats! So what? Consider what would happen if ponds and other bodies of water accumulated ice at the bottom. Describe why this property of water is important. 10. Now, explain why ice floats. Why is ICC the critical temperature in this story? Solvent of Life 1 1 . Consider coffee to which you have added sugar. Which is the solvent? The solute? 12. Explain why water is such a fine solvent. 13. You already know that some materials, such as olive oil, will not dissolve in water. In fact, oil will float on top of water. Explain this property in terms of hydrogen bonding. 14. Now, let’s do a little work that will enable you to prepare solutions. Read the section on solute concentrations carefully, and show the calculations here for repairing a I-molar solution of sucrose. Steps to help you do this follow. The first step is done for you. Fill in the rest. Steps to prepare a solution: a. Write the molecular formula. B. Use your periodic table to calculate the mass of each element. Multiply by the number of atoms of the element. (For example, O has a mass of 16. Therefore one mole of O has a mass of 16 x 11 = 176 g/mole. ) masses of each element in the molecule. C. Add the d. Add this mass of the compound to water to bring it to a volume of 1 liter. How to cite Ap Bio Work, Papers

Electronic Commerce Systems and Technologies Perspective

Question: Discuss about the Electronic Commerce Systems and Technologies Perspective. Answer: Introduction T T Edu is a small frame educational institution that operates from Melbourne, Australia. They have a web-based operation that has an aim of assisting different Australian educational institutions companies in promoting their programs both locally and internationally at different overseas educational fairs. They are into arranging floor spaces at these educational fairs, working as an agent on behalf of the fair managers and help the educational organizations to organize the building of a stand for their space at the fair when necessary. They are also into providing additional value-added services in exchange for fees to the educational companies exhibiting, by taking care of their travel and accommodation arrangements for the fair, organization of marketing materials and arranging for hospitality for the fair exhibitors to offer the visitors towards the fair. They also arrange the trade fair tickets for both the clients and exhibitors and receive a commission from each sold ticket. TT Edu, as a small owner-operator business, earns annual revenue of $A100, 000, which is increasing at a 10% rate per annum and has net profits of 40% of total sales. Dr. Shaun, a lecturer in Business Management, with a background of 15 years of teaching and leadership, is the owner of this business. As the education industry and global business environment are changing, the future of TT Edu is doubtful. Therefore, TT Edu wants to improve their operations with the help of e-business technologies. Hence, in consideration, Dr Shaun is looking for new online channels for better communication and collaboration with clients and exhibitors. E-commerce business models Barnes and Hunt (2013) depicts that a business model represents a process through which a business creates, delivers, and captures value for obtaining more profitability. TT Edu is liable for offering services like arranging floor spaces, organizing the buildings for education fair and taking care of travel and accommodation arrangements for the fair. In order to incorporate more flexibility, the concerned organization should take initiative for developing a website in which details regarding academic institutes and event managersshould be illustrated along with the details of services and products. Moreover, whether or not the services are provided within the nation or to overseas will also be presented. The website should comprised of different tabs for each facility- Home page, Institute and Event managers, National and Overseas and Services and products. The home page should comprise of the details of TT Edus mission, vision and achievements till dates. This page may also have a section named- Gallery, where images and videos of their previous work can be presented. This tab allows other vendors and academic institute to get accurate overview of their work. The next tab is for Institute and Event managers, in which details of educational institute like- Pax Institute ofEducation, Melbourne CityInstitute of Education, Southern CrossEducation Institute, Victoria University, Southern CrossEducation Institute, Selmar InstituteEducation, Melbourne Institute ofTechnology and other organizations can be shown. Hyperlink to every name of the institute will open another page in which details of that particular institute and their working procedures, faculty members and managers details have been provided. Furthermore, the next tab that is for National and Overseas, where details about the national and overseas locations can be given. In addition to that, under the tab, Services and products, subcategories should be illustrated- arrange floor space in the fairs, construction of stand in the fair venues, arranging hospitality, organizing marketing material and organizing tickets. These links will provide a precise understanding of their working procedure and the activity through which reliability can be attained. However, it can be said that the concerned organization is providing accommodating for visitors in the fair and hence, they are using a Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer business model. Revenue models for T T Edu For T T Edu, five forms of revenue models could be suggested for the generation of revenues: Advertising: In this model, fees are extracted from the advertisers in a barter of advertisements, ultimately pointing towards the classic principle amongst the different revenue models. Subscription: One of the oldest conventional models, the subscription revenue model asks for charges from users in a periodic manner for subscription access to any service (Da Costa, 2016). Cost per action approaches: T T Edu can implement the pay-for-performance-based advertising options like cost per click so that they can count the number of visitors who visit their WebPages. This process allows them to assess the internet traffic of their web portal. Affiliate revenue: This model is an online supply resolution that is founded on the standard of the payment, where merchants sell and promote their products and services via associations to partner-websites (Da Costa, 2016). In this way, the website on broadcasting advertisement for other institute and cookies for online shopping can get commission of around 5%. Kimes and Wirtz (2015) depict that revenue management is an application that determines consumer behaviorat the micro-market level through optimization and customization of products and services for maximum financial growth. The major aim of an organization to use a revenue Management is to provide right product to the right customer at the right time in an affordable budget (Chaffey, 2015). In this case, T T Edu should consider an effective web agency who can deliver the e-commerce website in minimum cost. $8,000 to $15,000 to design simple e-commerce websites and $16,000 to $40,000 to design mid-size e-commerce, $7,000- $10,000 for designing simple international website, $11,000 to $20,000 for designing mid-size international is required (Chaffey, 2015). The concerned organization should identify proper agency and opt for their required website design. These agents are well aware of the fact how to represent all the options in a website. These options should also tally with the re venue model so that effectiveness can be obtained. Monetary resource factors Before E-commerce Website After E-commerce Website Annual revenue $A 100, 000 $A 135, 000 Net profits 40% of total sales 55% of total sales Establishing e-commerce website (Mid-seize International Website) $A 0 $A 11,000 to $20,000 Network and communications infrastructure Network infrastructure is required for an internet business to section content. At the initial stages, for designing the webpage, a computer with large hard disk and Random Access Memory is required. Barnes and Hunt (2013) also highlighted that these computers should have high processing speed and large storage capacity so that all the planned components of the website can be designed. Apart from a powerful PC, switch, router, wireless access point along with networks of WAN will be required. Veit et al. (2014) describes that in context of software, Dreamweaver and Microsoft front page will be required. Moreover, presence of antivirus software should also be presented so that no intruder can hack the details present of the webpage. Moreover, the content of the webpage needs scripting software like- JavaScript or Adobe Flash. T T Edu should also need Dynamic Content Generation tools and technologies. Da Costa (2016) said that in conventional days, web programs are written with HTML c odes but in recent times, ASP.NET, Java servlets, Adobe Cold Fusion, PHP is used. These technologies can also be used for effective content of the webpage. Moreover, in context of infrastructure, Three-Tier Client/Server infrastructure can be used as it allows accessing of application logic and data from the server. This infrastructural model comprises of client tier, business tire and data tier. Naglic and Souvent (2013) mentioned the advantage of this model that is the modification of module can be easily performed without affecting others, faster communication can be attained. In this way, all the subscriber data can be stored in the database and manipulated through DBMS or RDBMS. Aspects Resources Required Number of Tabs Present in the Website Four (Home page, Institute and Event managers, National and Overseas and Services and products Infrastructure Used Three-tier Client server Model Scripting Software JavaScript or Adobe Flash HTML code Language ASP.NET, Java servlets, Adobe Cold Fusion, PHP Revenue Model Advertising, Subscription, Cost per action approaches, Affiliate revenue Applications would be required to meet specific e-commerce business goals The association needs an innovation arrangement that thinks about a quick time-to-market, access to best-of-breed innovation and individuals, great unwavering quality, high security and the ability to focus on the association's center competency. When it has been resolved that a business could profit by an online nearness, the product offering, the business sort, the business' association, and the spending manage what usefulness the web page should have and how the website should be created (Strauss, 2016). Little customer facing facades with a few key parts could be fashioned with Java, HTML or another programming dialect. They could, in like manner, be promptly actualized with business packages, borrowed from an application service provider (ASP). Bigger or extraordinary EC applications could be created internally or outsourced. T T Edu requires broad harmonization with accessible data frameworks, for instance, intranets, commercial databases, enterprise resource planning (ERP), a nd other application programs (Huang Benyoucef, 2013). Managing security issues As web-based social networking and web trade continue rising exponentially, many associations have initiated that a significant touch of their commerce now occurs exterior to their safety edge and firewall. T T Edu enterprise administrators have to change their conservative attitudes to incorporate fixation proactively securing their picture and online capital, while training personnel to do similarly (Niranjanamurthy et al., 2013). Huge security measures for e-commerce business are taking after Encryption It is a very effective and down to a business way to deal with protection of the data being conveyed over the network. The despatcher of the material encrypts the data by means of a secret code, and listed receiver only could decrypt the data by means of the identical or different secret code. SQL Injection- T T Edu can consider this web application securityrisk and overcome this vulnerability by constraining input data by validating its data type, length, format, and range. The use of type-safe SQL parameters like- SqlParameterCollection can also be use as in this case, the server not treat any malicious code as executable code. Moreover, using a private and secured account in important that is not linked with the database, in this way, even though a hacker interrupts the contents, the data stored in the database remain unaffected. Cross Site Scripting (XSS)- XSS manipulates client-side scripts of a web application as per as the coding of a hacker. In this case, the adversity can be resolved by assessing whether or not there is any comment on the webpage that is appeared without any validation. In this case, Content Security Policy (CSP) can be used for defending XSS. Tools for e-marketing requirements When preparing an eMarketing campaign, electronic apparatuses are used to attain the online marketing purposes. There are a surplus of devices accessible to simplify eMarketing, some of which are: Company Website: Maintaining an organization website is an indispensable eMarketing device for an organization. A union site presents an association a way to handle managing interfacing with clients, which empowers them to market to them specifically. Online Distribution and Payment Processing: Online dissemination of items is an eMarketing gadget that gets items straight to clients. The association would require an online installment processor to concede client installments for items, for instance, PayPalor Google Checkout (Roberts and Zahay, 2012). Lead Generation and Response Collection: Online lead acquiring constitutions could help an association increment its client-advertising list. Such gadgets are routinely accomplished on the association site Online Advertising: Online promoting strategies, for instance, Facebook Ads and Google Adwords, permit organizations to aim particular socioeconomics. This type of publishing could be important when endeavoring to increment new clients, or when promoting an item to a specific specialty gathering (Erragcha Romdhane, 2014). Recommended choice of payment systems Turban et al. (2015) depicts that a payment gateway profits, be that as it may, yes it costs cash. It's crucial to pick an expert payment gateway supplier for an online business (Fang et al, 2014). PayPal is the best known payment gateway. By a wide margin most with an email address as of now have a PayPal account, so there is no should ask for that they encounter an additional joining procedure. There are no month to month charges, and it's fast and simple to set up PayPal installments on a site, which works in various nations around the globe (Trautman, 2013). Moreover, the web portal of T T Edu should also offer some payment plan like- Pay in Full, Customized Payment Plan and Discount on pre-ordering for the venue. ZipMoney is popular in Australia and vendors or academic institutions can pay off the venue payments ina flexible way that is installment. Zipmoney pays the payment that the borrower has to pay back over 24, 36 or 48 months as per as their convenience. As indicated by a few investigations of EC morals, the much of the time specified moral issues are assurance, security, deception, admittance, licensed innovation, trustfulness, spontaneous email, false promoting, digital squatters, focusing on kids, unequivocal amusement, item ensure, abstract burglary and judgment by an indistinguishable standard from other media. Morals give the establishment to accomplish in industry (Hong and Thong, 2013). More than 80% of individuals using the web were worried about their security. T T Edu can use the concept of Anonymizer for encasing data and its routing instructions in order to track the internet activity in their webpage. Concept of Encryption can also be implemented to make greater use of HTTPSand protecting the communications over the Web. Moreover, the technology of Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) e-mail encryption software can also be implemented so that no intruder can exchange the cryptography keys. Furthermore, in order to add more securi ty in web portal, T T Edu can use Host-proof hosting for provide added layer of security to stored information. Addressing legal issues connected with the e-commerce business The exponential advancement of the Internet and online development raise some new administrative issues and legitimate inquiries. In the present day period of electronic innovation, several individuals require to complete their job rapidly with little effort. Electronic Transaction: Some elected, state and domain governments support the selection of electronic trade by authorizing and sanctioning legitimization. In Australia, many acts and bills have been passed to determine legitimate concerns and make the electronic exchange more verified, for instance, the Electronic Transaction Act (ETA) and Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2002 (Boone and Kurtz, 2013). Copyright and Trademark: E-business massively influences copyright and related issues, and the extent of copyrights is influencing how internet business develops. It is basic that lawful guidelines are set and connected fittingly to guarantee that best in class innovation does not undermine the crucial convention of copyright and related rights(Matbouli Gao, 2012). Thus, in developing the website these factors need to be addressed and followed. Service Refunds: This cost of operation could be constrained with certifiable returns administration with consistent interaction platform with finding out partners and shippers. Customer Loyalty: Customer service solutions ensure each client is under the radar. With viable client supporting innovation devices and insightful media integration enhances client retention scores and would probably change one-time buyers to brand advocates (Fang et al., 2014) Lack of Integration: Customer service solutions could consolidate various divergent frameworks splendidly, synchronizing open information over all structures and demonstrating it in a solitary interface. Customer Issues Going Unnoticed: With honest to goodness ticketing solutions and simple to utilize interfaces, workers could consider each client ticket made on any channel. The feasibility raises with prioritization apportions doling level of criticalness to each ticket, ensuring high need tickets are managed before whatever else (Colla Lapoule, 2012). Web Analytics Here are two or three recommendations to help monitor the leads, conversions, website and the return on investment: Guests: Web analytics endeavors would draw in to track the measure of guests to the site and pick what number of new guests, as opposed to returning guests, might be. Taking after these numbers after some time, and already, then a short time later propelling activities, would demonstrate change illustrations and help to pick the adequacy of their specific publicizing works out. Bounce Rate: This analytic tool help to assess whether or not the visitors are sticking around the webpage or just leave right after clicking the page. T T Edu keep track of the visitors who click on every link given on their webpage for further information. Catchphrase Analysis: Many individuals utilize search engines when searching out products and services. The web analytics contraption would indicate which catchphrases the site is coming up on and are directing people to the site. CTA Click- Through Rate: This metric allow measuring the number of clicks on a link or video. In this aspect, T T Edu need to direct the visitors through options like download now and view more. Conversion Rate: This is a metric that evaluates email conversion rate, lead-to-customer conversion rate and landing page conversion rate for measuring popularity of the webpage (Chen, Chiang Storey, 2012). Thus, T T Edu need to be making conversionsfor enhancing their customers and revenue percentage. Recommendatios Share the Opinion of the Client: Simple product data is no satisfactorily more. Measure, shape, shading, width those are normal. Affiliations could make it a walk progress by having a delegate from the affiliation react and respond to studies, idealize on the product page itself. Propose Customization Options: If the operation bolsters it, give choices like surprisingly portrayed out blessing wrapping, adaptable monograms or etchings, or physically created notes. Be Accessible: The clients should not need to battle to contact a man at the affiliation. Conclusion The present work is the shrouded foundation report for the e-Business website progress expands. This report would like to give an assessment of the e-Business field and besides to depict key parts of the objectivity that would be related all through the meander. This report tries to look at assorted issues that ascent while building an e-Business. It is essential to highlight, that e-Business websiteis not basic programming old rarities. Acing the basic programming aptitudes and contraptions to deliver a website does not ensure its prosperity.Additionally, research and more concentrate would be given on programming devices after these parts of the approach are done and would be exhibitedat later times of the meander. The choices on how the website would be fabricated rely on upon the consequences of the issue examination deal with since they would acknowledge a vital part into depicting the particular client prerequisites for the thing. References Barnes, S., Hunt, B. (Eds.). (2013).E-commerce and v-business. Routledge. Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013).Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Chaffey, D. (2015).Digital business and E-commerce Management. Pearson Education Limited. Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), 1165-1188. Colla, E., Lapoule, P. (2012). E-commerce: exploring the critical success factors.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,40(11), 842-864. Da Costa, E. (2016).Global e-commerce strategies for small businesses. Mit Press. Erragcha, N., Romdhane, R. (2014). Social networks as marketing tools.Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,19(1), 1. Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., Sun, H., McCole, P., Ramsey, E., Lim, K. H. (2014). Trust, Satisfaction, and Online Repurchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Effectiveness of E-Commerce Institutional Mechanisms.Mis Quarterly,38(2), 407-427. Hong, W., Thong, J. Y. (2013). Internet privacy concerns: An integrated conceptualization and four empirical studies. Huang, Z., Benyoucef, M. (2013). From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), 246-259. Kimes, S. E., Wirtz, J. (2015). Revenue management: Advanced strategies and tools to enhance firm profitability.Foundations and Trends in Marketing,8(1), 1-68. Matbouli, H., Gao, Q. (2012, March). An overview on web security threats and impact to e-commerce success. InInformation Technology and e-Services (ICITeS), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Naglic, M., Souvent, A. (2013, June). Concept of SmartHome and SmartGrids integration. InEnergy (IYCE), 2013 4th International Youth Conference on(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Niranjanamurthy, M., Chahar, D. D. (2013). The study of e-commerce security issues and solutions.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(7). Niranjanamurthy, M., Kavyashree, N., Jagannath, S., Chahar, D. (2013). Analysis of e-commerce and m-commerce: advantages, limitations and security issues.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(6). Roberts, M. L., Zahay, D. (2012).Internet marketing: Integrating online and offline strategies. Cengage Learning. Sharda, R., Delen, D., Turban, E. (2013).Business Intelligence: A managerial perspective on analytics. Prentice Hall Press. Strauss, J. (2016).E-marketing. Routledge. Trautman, L. J. (2013). E-Commerce and Electronic Payment System Risks: Lessons from PayPal. Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J. K., Liang, T. P., Turban, D. C. (2015).Electronic commerce: A managerial and social networks perspective. Springer. Veit, D., Clemons, E., Benlian, A., Buxmann, P., Hess, T., Kundisch, D., ... Spann, M. (2014). Business models.Business Information Systems Engineering,6(1), 45-53. Wu, K. W., Huang, S. Y., Yen, D. C., Popova, I. (2012). The effect of online privacy policy on consumer privacy concern and trust.Computers in human behavior,28(3), 889-897.

Social Reintegration of Recovering Drug Dependents an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Social Reintegration of Recovering Drug Dependents by Expert BrilliantEssays | 04 Nov 2016 Reintegration of Drug Dependents The issue of social reintegration of recovering drug dependents is widely debated and remains unresolved in most societies worldwide. The issue of drug dependence itself is very sensitive because it largely affects the most basic structure of society: the family. It is most unfortunate that drug dependency victimizes a large number of citizens all over the world, a large majority of who are talented, skilled persons. At turning points in certain drug dependents lives, each turns their backs on their vices and opt for a new life. Need essay sample on "Social Reintegration of Recovering Drug Dependents" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed However, there is a strong stigma attached to drug dependents, because of the very nature of their existence under the influence of drugs. Generally, their lives could be described as bankrupt: financial, physical, emotional, mental and spiritual bankruptcy. Such is the financial bankruptcy of a drug dependent that in most cases, one succumbs to a life of crime. At some points in their lives, a percentage of drug dependents want to turn over a new leaf, but society does not welcome them. Because of these, almost all of them relapse and slink back to a depraved existence of chemical abuse. There is a vast difference between recovering drug dependents from active drug dependents. Given the chance -- and certain social programs made available to them -- it is indeed possible for recovering drug dependents from being productive members of society once again. Based on social programs in the European Union, I will show how it is possible to reintegrate recovering drug dependents into society, by the use of rehabilitation and social programs. The question on social reintegration is part of the third strategy target of an EU Action Plan 2000 - 2004 (Verster and Solberg 2). The target of the third EU game plan is to considerably increase the population of successfully treated drug dependents, and ensure that adequate attention is given to social and proficient rehabilitation plus reintegration of ex-addicts (Verster and Solberg 2). In some cases in the EU, social reintegration is the final stage of the treatment or recovery process of the drug dependents (Verster and Solberg 3). Nevertheless, social reintegration must be considered as an independent means of intervention, with its own goals and methods of achieving it (Verster and Solberg 3). Most of the interventions are not specifically for recovering drug dependents but are general programs available to others. In some instances, the interventions themselves are part of preventive programs for the onset of chemical dependency (Verster and Solberg 5). The use of self-help organizations like Narcotics Anonymous is one strategy in social reintegration. The primary target of Narcotics Anonymous is to avert the future use of drugs, foster contact with companions and provide the recovering drug dependent with a support group which can help in keeping the focus on recovery (Verster and Solberg 59). Another valuable strategy is the training, education and building up of skills of recovering drug dependents (Verster and Solberg 59). Popular nowadays are therapeutic communities that utilize halfway houses and outpatient treatment facilities (Verster and Solberg 8). Social programs (governmental or non-governmental) may use skilled instructors or social workers with backgrounds in psychology and counseling to teach skills in fields like home economics and vocational training, carpentry, engineering, electronics, information technology, and the like. Integrated into these training are medical programs to ensure that the quality of life of the ex-addicts is being taken cared of with the use of medical and psychological treatment. For ex-addicts that have been institutionalized (imprisoned) for long stretches of time, the training and development could be more intensified through sheltered accommodation (Verster and Solberg 10). Thus, with these supplemental treatments, the former add icts health risks are dramatically lessened by teaching them behaviors that would keep them healthy. It would also promote the social functioning of the former dependent, to the point that he/she is motivated to maintain these basic changes in their lives. Certain government agencies and non-government agencies overlooking the ex-addicts social reintegration will have formed tie-ups with socially-aware organizations that would readily hire on trained recovering former dependents. Some departments and organizations offer several assistances for the drug dependents, including finding accommodation, skills in job-hunting and even in preparing resumes. Therefore, another vital strategy for social integration is procuring employment for the recovering addict. The last strategy could be housing programs which aim at stabilizing the recovering drug dependents lives after training and employment (Verster and Solberg 58). Persons who are still needing support may be provided with accompanied housing (Verster and Solberg 19). The goals of accompanied housing include abstinence from drugs, identification of personal problems, enhanced self-potential and the motivation for a continued drug-free lifestyle. The recovering dependent may also be given administrative counseling in solving debt problems, stabilizing abstinence and an appreciating the potentials of a better life (Verster and Solberg 10). All these forms of social reintegration would need follow-up work from the organizations, for a period of up to 18 months after housing is provided. Counseling, too, should be given as supplemental after-care. There is only one counter argument to the social reintegration of recovering drug dependents. It is a general perception that once an addict, always an addict. The general population is reluctant to accept that a fruitful life is indeed possible for former drug addicts. We all have a responsibility to our fellow men, and that is keeping an open mind and giving people who have stumbled in life, a chance to get up from where they had fallen. Most of these recovering drug users feel a deep remorse for the loss opportunity and heartache that their addiction has caused them and their loved ones. If we cannot actively help them by getting involved in organizations with social reintegration programs, we can at least minimize the stigma attached to these recovering drug dependents. How? By reaching out and communicating to them that life is full of hope, that there is a beautiful future waiting for each and every one of us. All we have to do is work hard for it. Let us keep an open mind and welcome our brothers and sisters back into society. They were created to have equal opportunities as each and everyone else. Work Cited Verster, Annette, and Ulrik Solberg. Social reintegration in the European Union and Norway 11 March 2003. 29 April 2008

The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost

The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Free Online Research Papers The poem, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost, consists of four stanzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position. He has been out walking the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could to that, so therefore he continues to look down the roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take. He had looked down the first one â€Å"to where it bent in the undergrowth,† and in the second stanza, he reports that he decided to take the other path, because it seemed to have less wear than the first. But then he goes on to say that they actually were very similarly worn. The second one that he took seems less traveled, but as he thinks about it, he realizes that they were â€Å"really about the same.† The third stanza continues with the cogitation about the possible differences between the two roads. He had noticed that the leaves were both fresh fallen on them both and had not been walked on, but then again claims that maybe he would come back and also walk the first one sometime, but he doubted he would be able to, because in life one thing leads to another and time is short. The fourth stanza says this: I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. There is nothing in the poem that suggests that this difference signals a positive outcome. The speaker could not offer such information, because he has not lived the â€Å"difference† yet. The other word that leads non-discerning readers astray is the word â€Å"sigh.† By taking â€Å"difference† to mean a positive difference, they think that the sigh is one of nostalgic relief; however, a sigh can also mean regret. If it is the relief sigh, then the difference means the speaker is glad he took the road he did; if it is the regret sigh, then the difference would not be good, and the speaker would be sighing in regret. But the plain fact is we do not know what that sigh is. Again, the speaker of the poem does not even know the nature of that sigh, because that sigh and his evaluation of the difference his choice will make are still in the future. It is a truism that any choice we make is going to make â€Å"all the difference† in how our future turns out. Research Papers on "The Road Not Taken" by Robert FrostMind TravelUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresLifes What IfsResearch Process Part OneAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Hockey GameQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaGenetic Engineering The road not taken by robert frost Free Online Research Papers There are many choices in life, and their will be many thrown right at you and at one point they will be easy, hard, and really tough choices. But you must always remember that every single decision as little as it maybe it will make a big difference in life, based on the poem, The Road not Taken by: Robert Frost. It tells us about how the speaker in the poem is in the woods and is in front of two roads that diverged. Road A. leads one way and probably also leading to another, and has been taken many times since in the poem the speaker says it was all stomped on. And there was Road B. that leads to a whole different way also leading from one way to another. But according to the speaker this road had grass and wanted wear. Obviously this was the road not taken. The speaker is trying to find the differences and similarities between the two roads in the poem and since he knew that Road A. had been all stomped on. And Road B. wasn’t, he/she decided to take Road B. also known as the road not taken. And of course the speaker chose to take this one because this was the road the speaker felt he/she should take and wanted to take, and make his/her own decision. And as the speaker has taken the road the speaker says and yet knowing way leads on way to way I doubt if I should ever come back and sa ys that hence two roads diverged in a yellow woods and I-I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference. In other words metaphorically saying the speaker had two different choices to make, and they were both very different from each other and he didn’t want to choose one he didn’t like just because it was the most popular one. Because when you make a choice or a decision you got to make sure it’s the right on because sometimes when you make a decision or a choice you cant always go back and undo it. So in this case the speaker had to make a choice that was a bit difficult having to choose what was the right thing knowing it would affect him in life one way or another. And well he let us know that the choice he made was the correct choice when he said â€Å"and that has made all the difference† meaning he probably made a positive and good choice , for example I have too make choices in life myself like, will I go to college or be a d rop-out. Will I work in the family business or will I get my own job. See, these are some of the many choices I will have in life they will be difficult but I know these will make me who ever I become, a rich a wealthy, healthy or poor, all I can really do now is do my thing and do my home work go to school and see where life takes me. Research Papers on The road not taken by robert frostMind TravelPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part OneAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Capital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Hockey GameGenetic Engineering

Beowulf Vs. Gilgamesh

Beowulf Vs. Gilgamesh Essay Beowulf Vs. GilgameshThe two cultures I chose to compare heroic values for are the ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Anglo-Saxon cultures. The texts I used in the comparison are Gilgamesh for Mesopotamia and Beowulf for Anglo-Saxon. Although they posses many similar heroic characteristics they also differ greatly. Beowulf is the earliest surviving epic poem written in a modern European language. It was written in Old English sometime before the tenth century A.D. The poem describes the adventures of Beowulf, a Scandinavian warrior of the sixth century. Beowulf is described as a perfect hero who fights for his people and vanquishes evil with his extraordinary abilities to bring peace and justice. Three of Beowulfs traits that support this are his amazing physical strength, his ability to put his peoples welfare before his own, and the fact that he does not fear death. Beowulf is a hero in the eyes of his fellow men through his amazing physical strength and courage. He fought in numerous battles and returned victorious in all but his last. Beowulf was powerful enough to kill the monster Grendel, who had been terrorizing the Danes for twelve years, with his bare hands. When the two squared off Beowulf grabbed Grendals arm and ripped it off at the shoulder. Beowulf then fought Grendels mother, an even deadlier monster who was seeking revenge against Beowulf for her sons death. Beowulf was able to slay her by slashing her neck with a Giants sword that can only be lifted by a person as strong as Beowulf. When he chopped off her head, he carried it from the ocean with ease, but it took four men to lift the monsters head and carry it back to Herot. This strength is a key trait of Beowulfs heroism. Another heroic value Beowulf possessed was his tendancy to put the welfare of others before his own. Beowulf was asked by the Danes to help rid them of an evil monster that was terrorizing their city. Beowulf obliged and traveled far to face an awesome force that he did not know he could defeat. He realized the dangers of his battles but feared nothing for his own life. Beowulf risked his own life to save the Danes from Grendal then once again when Grendals mother came for revenge. Fifty years after slaying Grendals mother a fierce dragon began terrorizing Beowulfs people. Beowulf was old and tired but he still set out to fight the dragon to protect his people. As an old man Beowulf soon realized he was no match for the dragon, but he didnt run. With the help of one of his followers Beowulf fought hard and finally killed th e dragon, losing his own life in the process. Even in death he wished for the safety of his people. The most heroic of traits within Beowulf is that he was not afraid to die. He always explained his death wishes before going into battle and requested to have all his wealth and belongings distributed between his people. Beowulf was not afraid to die because he lived a heroic life and he felt it was his duty as a hero to defeat any evil or die trying. When we crossed the sea, my comrades and I, I already knew that all my purpose was this: to win the good will of your people or die in battle, pressed in Grendels fierce grip. Let me live in greatness and courage, or here in this hall welcome my death! (22) Beowulf knew that by battling evil monsters such as Grendal he would achieve immortality. The stories of his unconquerable courage would be retold again and again, forever. In life or in death a hero is glorified for their actions. READ: Essay about Cyber Security as an International Security Threat Essay. His strength, his ability to put his peoples welfare before his own, and the fact that he does not fear death makes him revered by all, especially those of his time. These are prime examples that support the idea that Beowulf was an epic hero that served as an example to those of his time. The second text I will be using for this comparison is The Epic of Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh was one of the first pieces of literature known to man. The epic was found among ruins in Ninevah in the form of twelve large tablets, dating to 2,000 B.C. The epic is believed to be based on the Archaic Sumerian king Gilgamesh who ruled the city of Uruk around 2700 B.C. The main character in The Epic of Gilgamesh is a very powerful man who is two-thirds immortal and one-third man. He too is thought to be a hero and possesses many of Beowulfs heroic values, but he also possesses many differences. Like Beowulf, Gilgamesh possessed great physical strength unmatched by any man. He also had insurmountable courage. Gilgamesh fought numerous battles that were considered impossible to win. Gilgamesh first destroys an evil monster known as Humbaba. Humbaba is feared by all who enter his cedar forest. Gilgamesh arrives and kills Humbaba with a sword given to him by the god Shamash. After killin g Humbaba the goddess Ishtar sends The Bull of Heaven to destroy Gilgamesh. After the bull killed many of the townspeople Gilgamesh grabbed it by its tail and stabbed it in the back of its head. On his final quest for everlasting life Gilgamesh is attacked by a pack of lions. He takes an axe in one hand and a sword in the other and kills many of the lions, sending the rest fleeing in fear. Gilgameshs strength and courage is much like that of Beowulf. Gilgamesh did not put his people before him. He was an evil king. Gilgamesh sounds of tocsin for his amusement, his arrogance has no bounds by day or night. No son is left with his father, for Gilgamesh takes them all, even the children; yet the king should be a Shepard to his people. His lust leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warriors daughter nor the wife of the noble In this way Gilgamesh did not display the same heroic values as Beowulf. Even when Gilgamesh set out on his first adventure to kill Humbaba his people and councilors pleaded with Gilgamesh not to go. But Gilgamesh was obsessed with becoming a hero. He set out to destroy Humbaba, his only ambition being to leave an enduring name. The one thing Gilgamesh feared was death. After his friend and companion, Enkidu, died Gigamesh became obsessed with death. He wept for seven days and seven nights before starting a great journey to find everlasting life. He searchers for a man named Utnapishtim, who was given eternal life by the gods, to find out how he escaped death. In both cultures the heros possessed god-like strength and defeated many evil beings. Both were courageous and feared no man or creature. Anglo-saxon heros stick to a stricter code of ethics.Beowulf is the prime example of an epic hero, and he embodies the conduct that the Anglo-Saxons of that time admired and also used as a model of perfection

The challanges of adopting a multi-channel retail approach Essay

The challanges of adopting a multi-channel retail approach - Essay Example It is evident that the digital era fuelled novel business opportunities and the continuous evolution of online business channels have made multi-channel retailing a reality, with the customer now placed at the forefront of retail strategy (Jain, 2008). In turn, this has reshaped business distribution and marketing models. To this end, it is submitted as a central proposition in this paper that consumers increasingly dictate retail strategy and therefore CRM is vital as part of an integrated retail strategy to ensure that an organization keeps pace with the multi-channel retail model. Moreover, the central consideration should be given to the movement away from the conventional economics based approach to consider the benefit of integrating effective CRM into retail strategy. For example, Weinberg at al’s 2007 report into changing consumer behaviour highlights that approximately 65-70% of consumers fall within the category of â€Å"multichannel shoppers† and they increas ingly have the highest purchasing power. (Weinberg et al, 2007). As a result, Weinberg et al posit that it is â€Å"critical that organisations effectively employ a multichannel marketing approach, as consumers in B2C contexts now expect it† (Weinberg et al, 2007, p.385). The impact of multi-channel retailing has continued to grow and Retail Solutions Online highlight that industry research indicates that approximately 40% of sales will be attributable to the multi-channel model by 2012 (2009). Additionally, the Retail Solutions’ Online research indicates that the proliferation of the multi-channel retail model will continue to grow and as a result, retail business have to embrace the model as part of integrated retail strategy to compete in the marketplace (2009). Moreover, Vollmer and Precourt argue that the underlying basis for marketing is rooted in economic principles of exchanging goods for value (2008). It is precisely this concept of â€Å"value† that ha s been at the heart of marketing strategy in persuading consumers to exchange value for goods in conventional business strategy. However, as the business models continue to evolve in line with changing consumer habits and retail channels, Vargo and Lusch point to the fact that economical basis for traditional marketing strategy has been forced to adapt to remain relevant (2004). Additionally, Vargo and Lusch further refer to the arguments of Achrol and Kotler that the: â€Å"very nature of network organisation†¦..and the potential impact on the organisation of consumption all suggest that a paradigm shift for marketing may not be far over the horizon†

Speaking skill in teaching English as second language Essay

Speaking skill in teaching English as second language - Essay Example ational process focuses more on evaluation framework which is unlike Western process of education, and this instills fear of committing errors in Japanese EFL learners. Therefore, EFL teachers should focus on creating informal ambiance within the classroom and establishing positive relationship among students from different cultural backgrounds so that Japanese learners can shed their language anxiety in front of others. Today, English has become a common language to be taught in schools all over the world. For this purpose, schools are making broad use of technology in combination with second language theories. The idea is to adapt the best available practice that can enhance learning of English as second language. Any process that has been proved by previous research to yield best results is regarded as the best practice. It essentially includes â€Å"commitment of a teacher who is willing to use the knowledge and techniques at his or her disposal to ensure student success† (Li, 2013, p.218). Foreign language anxiety is increasingly becoming a common phenomenon among learners, and it is rapidly gaining attention among researchers for its significant impact on a learner’s ability to learn and retain a new language. This paper focuses on Japanese EFL learners’ fear of speaking English. Recommendations have been provided on how to overcome such fear. Although English has become a compulsory subject in most secondary and tertiary institutions in Japan, it is still an extremely common phenomenon that Japanese people exhibit poor English communication skills. Every year, millions of dollars are spent for making Japanese people proficient in English with the help of native or non-native English speaking teachers. Many Japanese students even travel to Western countries to learn English. There are many accepted theories that tend to explain poor English speaking skills among the Japanese. One such theory blames the geographical location of the country that isolates

Organizational Culture in Libraries Essay Example for Free

Organizational Culture in Libraries Essay Assignment Topic: One of the main ways in which the ‘veil of incorporation’ can be lifted is when directors breach their duties. This essay question is set around the duty to prevent insolvent trading. You will need to have read the chapter in your prescribed text that deals with this duty and have then researched more widely by looking at other textbooks, the relevant CCH online library, articles from the internet and journal articles. You must answer both parts of this topic. Please make sure you have REFERENCED in the body of your work ACCURATELY,. Remember, referencing shows you have researched and thought about what material will be relevant to assist you in answering the questions. Read the following scenario and answer BOTH parts (questions) at the end. OHS Solutions Pty. Ltd. is a company formed by three friends (Des, Satish and Emma) who bring different skills and abilities to the business. Emma is an accounting graduate, Des has expertise in occupational health and safety (OHS) and Satish has an IT degree. They decided to start up a business which would provide a portal through which the public and businesses could access (for free) information on all aspects of OHS. OHS Solutions would finance its business, and make profits, by charging businesses to advertise via their website. The directors of OHS Solutions are: Managing Director – Des Finance Director – Emma (non executive) Director – Satish (executive – employed also to run the technological side of the business) Director – Ying (non executive) – a friend of Des’ and director of Support Pty. Ltd. (Support Pty. Ltd. has gone guarantor for a $50,000 loan from the Business Bank Ltd. to OHS Solutions) The Shareholders of OHS Solutions (holding equal amounts of ordinary shares) are Des, Emma, Satish and Support Pty. Ltd. As at January 2007 OHS Solutions had been operating for six months. It had  some initial IT problems which prevented some of the advertisers’ material from being accessed. In order to try to help overcome these technical problems Satish engaged Trouble Shooters Pty. Ltd. At the February Board meeting, Satish reported that two businesses who had paid to advertise on the website were dissatisfied with what was happening and were threatening to sue for breach of contract. Emma was unable to table any financial information as the employee who had been doing the accounts had been sick and when Emma looked at the records she found that they seemed to be in a bit of a mess. She did find a large account from Trouble Shooters that was over due. Des reported that he was disturbed by this news. He had been told by Satish that the IT problems had been fixed since Trouble Shooters had been engaged, and he had just signed a $10,000 advertising contract with Promotions Plus Pty. Ltd. to advertise the website and signed up to go to a trade show to be held in conjunction with a forthcoming OHS conference. He said this was needed because a number of high profile advertisers were threatening to discontinue their association with OHS Solutions unless the portal became better known. Ying just listens in disbelief at the March Board meeting. It seemed to her that OHS Solutions is being poorly managed and is failing to make the most of a potentially profitable business opportunity. This could present an opportunity for Support Pty. Ltd. to make an offer to buy OHS Solutions at a good price. On the other hand Support Pty. Ltd. is exposed as a guarantor. Assume she consults you, an accountant, for your preliminary view about the predicament of OHS Solutions and what she should do. Assume also that the first thing that comes to your mind is whether Ying herself may be vulnerable as a director of OHS Solutions for failing to prevent OHS Solutions from trading when it is insolvent.

The Evening News Versus Reality †My Internship at the White House :: Admissions Essay

The Evening News Versus Reality – My Internship at the White House I press the button to playback my voicemail. â€Å"So, Sharon, what war did you plan in Washington?† I groan, and anticipate that the next seven messages are more of the same. I head downstairs, where a roommate had already monopolized the TV and am greeted with â€Å"Hey, Sharon, your boy’s in trouble!† On every channel is the same picture, marines in body bags in a far away land. I had a very different White House internship from Monica Lewinsky’s. Mine came and went without too much national coverage. But I do understand Lewinsky’s awe of power. Though I was most impressed by all the people who worked so hard in D.C., I too was dazzled by the famous personages populating the city. It was hard not to be. Your neighbor might head negotiations for peace in the Middle East. Colin Powell might hold open a door for you. The people filling the town were more than celebrities, they were influencing our future and the fate of nations. On the day of the Vice President’s birthday, his staff threw him a party. All staff were invited, including lowly interns like me. I had not yet met the Vice President, and there was a rumor the President might show up. Finally I would have a chance to meet the man in command. Walking into the Indian Treaty Room, where the party was to be held, I scoped out the best spot to stand for a presidential encounter. I squeezed next to the birthday cake, figuring the Vice President had to stand there at some point, and I waited. I tried to appear outwardly calm, as if I go to these things all the time. I didn’t want to seem too excited to the neurotic Secret Service, or remind a hard-hearted staffer of work needing to be done. But inside, my heart was pumping. Suddenly, the doors swung open and the Vice President casually strode in, smiling. The doors opened again, and President Bush came in, followed by the First Lady. Despite my efforts at nonchalance, my smile was jumping into my ears. Mrs. Bush presented a birthday greeting, then walked over to the Vice President and dumped a bowl of popcorn on his head.

Dell: Porter’s 5 Forces Essay

Question 1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers Although there were many suppliers for computer components, â€Å"microprocessors were supplied by only a handful of companies.† Pg.3. Microsoft and Intel monopolized the suppliers market as, â€Å"between 85% and 90% of computers sold conformed to Microsoft/ Intel Standards.†pg.3. With such a high percentage of computers being sold using Microsoft and Intel it would make it very difficult for any new suppliers to take the lead in this market, making the supplier power high. Threat of Substitutes Computers were a hot item in the U.S, being that â€Å"45.5% of household’s owner a computer in 1998, and the figure was expected to rise to 49.5% by 2000.†pg3. A computer was something new into the market, and no other product nearly compared to its capabilities and complexity. Given that the computer was one of its own kind in this time the threat of other substitutes was very low. Bargaining Power of Buyers Dell created a strong and reliable relationship with its customers. â€Å"Over a thousand outside sales reps spent their time in the field, understanding customer needs, courting customer personnel, helping customers configure their information systems, and promoting Dell’s products and services.† Pg6. Although Dell had put a great effort into their customer service, the prices of the product were a key factor in the success of Dell. â€Å"Customers at retail don’t know what they’re looking for, other than price.† Pg.7. As price appears to be the major deciding factor in product choice, the buyer will be most likely to purchase their product based on price rather than quality of the actual product. Threat of New Entrants Within the market of computers, there is not a great amount of product differentiation, with the exception of Dell directly serving its customers. Without much differentiation new entrants could very easily present a new and different business strategy which could surpass leading market shareholders. The threat of new entrants would be high due to the lacking differentiation, but is also considered medium because of the great amount of existing entrants in the market. With IBM, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Gateway, Dell, and Apple all entering the computer market within a short period of time, we can conclude that it was relatively easy to enter the market. Although it was easy to enter, it was nearly impossible to differentiate, and produce a business plan to succeed in gaining a competitive advantage to already existing competitors. Competitive Rivalry Competition was very high within the computer market, as all the competitors were finding ways to stay competitive by reducing costs and improving sales efforts. â€Å"HP hoped that the program would allow it to reduce price protection to two weeks, cut down defects, and shave 5%-15% off of its prices.†pg.12 In conclusion, the personal computer industry was a very attractive industry to do business in, as the threat of substitutes was very low, and new entrants is medium/high. This means that it would be easy to enter the market, and there were not any other products that compared to the computer. This makes for a very attractive market to do business in. Question 2 Dell was the first and only competitor in the computer market to deal directly with its customers, giving them strong differentiation therefore making them unique. â€Å"You can’t ignore what Dell has done†¦ I could give you a list of names of really large customers who have said to HP, ‘Either do business with us directly or you are not going to do business with us.’†pg.12 Dell used specific tactics through its use of the Dell’s Direct Model in order to ensure the PC industry was an attractive one that it could compete in. Dell realized in order to be successful in this market they needed to set themselves apart from related companies by possessing a variety of differences from like companies appealing to consumers. Dell took advantage of the gap evident in the computer industry by eliminating the use of middlemen such as retailers and distributors. By eliminating the middleman Dell developed an inventory free system, resulting in saving costs and allowing them to be more competitive in the market. â€Å"[The current production system] requires that the whole organization be integrated. You’ve eliminated buffers. When you have no buffers and you have no inventory, the whole organization has to work together. There is no way to let things pile up, because you have no piles.†

Restaurant Business Plan Essay

Entrepreneurs who start new restaurants may overestimate the size of the market in their area and not take into account the tough competition they will face from established restaurants with loyal clientele. Doing a feasibility study prior to investing the time and money to open a restaurant can help an entrepreneur make a more informed decision about the venture’s chances of success. Starting or running a restaurant? These practical tools can help.www.virtualrestaurant.com Obtain Market Statistics Studying demographic characteristics such as age and income will help you estimate the size of your potential market. If you are planning a mid-price, family-style restaurant for example, you need to know how many families reside in your area. A heavy population of singles or college students will probably not support your restaurant. The U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau website is a good place to begin your research. Evaluate Potential Locations A high-traffic location is preferable, one close to major streets with lots  of visibility to vehicle or pedestrian traffic. Make sure parking is ample and easy for customers to access. Look for businesses in the area that could create demand for your restaurant — large office complexes, hotels or retail centers for example. Be sure to consider the tradeoff between a location’s suitability and the lease cost. Saddling a new restaurant with a lease payment that is too high can make it extremely difficult for the venture to reach positive cash flow. Related Reading: Business Plan Vs. Feasibility Study Review the Competition Look not only at the total number of restaurants in your immediate area but also at the styles of restaurants that are prevalent. Consider whether your area is already saturated with restaurants similar to the concept you will be offering — similar cuisine, price point and target markets. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each major competitor and determine whether your proposed restaurant will stand apart from competitors and be memorable to customers. Study the Industry Join your state or local restaurant and hospitality organizations. Attend their meetings, talk with other restaurant owners and review any statistical information they publish about the growth and health of the industry. The National Restaurant Association also publishes studies and statistics about industry trends and growth. Decide whether given the current economic environment it is advisable to launch a new restaurant. Find out if any restaurants in the area have closed in the last two years and why. Look at Your Cost Structure Once you have a good idea what type of food you want to offer, break down the cost of each menu item. Determine who your major suppliers will be and ask them for pricing. Software programs are available to help you accurately calculate projected food cost. You may consider reducing the number of items on your menu to keep food cost down. You may also find that given the food cost projections, the prices you will have to charge are higher than your  local market will support. Evaluate Management Capability An entrepreneur contemplating opening a restaurant should take a hard look at whether he has the skill set and experience to make the venture a success. He should ask himself whether he has the eye for detail to maintain high customer satisfaction. He needs to be able to train and motivate staff members who may have limited experience or education. He needs to understand how to make the kitchen operation run smoothly. He may determine that it is not feasible for him to be the general manager of the restaurant’s operations and elect to hire a manager who already has a track record of success in the industry.

How to Winterize Your Dormant Trees

How to Winterize Your Dormant Trees Trees in fall are in a state of serious change and reorganization. The tree is becoming dormant. A tree heading toward winter will sense the changing temperature and light and obey the dormancy controls built into the leaf. The mechanisms, called senescence, is what tells a tree to close down for coming winter. Tree Activity in Winter Trees may look inactive going into winter but the fact is they continue to regulate their metabolism and only slow down some physiological activities. This decrease in photosynthesis and transpiration begins a trees dormant phase. Trees still continue to slowly grow roots, respire and take in water and nutrients. Winter is a difficult time for a tree. A dormant tree still needs to be protected (winterized) to remain healthy and free from diseases and insects. The bad news is  winter weather encourages destructive pests to snuggle in and wait for spring to revive their destructive lifecycles. Small investments in properly caring for your trees can pay off big come spring. Pruning Prune dead, diseased and overlapping branches in late fall. This will form and strengthen the tree, encourages new strong growth in the spring, minimizes future storm damage and protects against overwintering disease and insects. Remember that dormant pruning has another benefit - it is easier to do during winter dormancy than in spring. Correct structurally weak branches and limbs. Remove all deadwood that is clearly visible. Properly prune branches that can touch the ground when loaded with rain and snow. Foliage and branches that are in contact with soil invite undesirable pests and other problems. Remove damaged and declining twigs, branches, and bark or any new sprouts that have grown at the tree base, or along stems and branches. Mulch and Aerate Young trees are especially vulnerable to fluctuations in temperature and moisture and need mulching protection. Mulch is good insurance that both conditions will be evenly managed during cold and drought. Mulching is a good practice for both dormant and full-growing, vegetative trees. Spread a thin layer of composted organic mulch to cover the soil several inches deep. Cover an area at least as large as the branch spread. In addition to protecting feeder roots, mulch also recycles nutrients directly to these roots. Aerate soils and compacted mulch if they are waterlogged or poorly drained. Saturated and dense soil can suffocate roots. It is critical not to damage tree roots in the soil as you do this, so work only on those few inches at the surface crust. so work only on those few inches at the surface crust. Fertilize and Water Fertilize by top dressing over the mulch with a balanced fertilizer if the essential elements are in short supply within the soil. Be sure to use nitrogen lightly, especially under large, mature trees and around newly planted trees. You do not want a vegetative flush of growth during late fall periods of warming. Large applications of nitrogen cause this growth. Dry spells in winter or hot daytime temperatures will desiccate a tree very quickly. Watering may be needed where soils are cool but not frozen, and there has been little precipitation. Winter droughts need treatment with water the same as summer droughts, except it is much easier to over-water in winter. Dormant Spray A dormant spray may be a good idea for deciduous trees, ornamentals, fruit trees, and shrubs. But remember not to spray until after you prune. Obviously, you will lose much of your effort and expense if you cut off treated limbs. Choice of chemicals is important. Dormant sprays include lime, copper and sulfur combinations to kill overwintering microorganisms. Dormant oil controls insects and their eggs. You just may need several types of sprays and oils to be effective. Avoid spraying any of this material in the hot sun as it can damage dormant buds. Get specific chemical recommendations from your local county extension agent.

Starbuck's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starbuck's - Essay Example The tables below show the ratio analysis for the fiscal years 2006 and 2007. The current ratio shows a company’s abilities to pay for its current obligations. The formula used to calculate the current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities. The current ratio of Starbucks for both 2006 and 2007 was 0.79. In theory the desirable current ratio is to have a 1.0 current ratio or above. The metric result shows the company is able to pay for its current liabilities. The fact that the current ratio stayed at the same level is good sign, bad would be if the current ratio of the company decreased. Starbuck’s debt to equity ratio in 2006 was 0.99 implying that the company had as much debt as equity. In 2007 the company’s ratio rose 35% meaning Starbucks long term debt increased. At first glance it is never a good sign to look at year to year financial statement and to see more debt in the books. More debt sometimes means trouble, but necessarily. A higher amount of debt could mean a company borrowed money in order to finance some investments that will increase its profitability. To learn more about what Starbucks has done with its new money we have to analyze the firm’s profitability’s ratios. Return on equity is a profitability ratio. In 2006 Starbucks return on equity was 25.32%, by 2007 the firm had risen this ratio to 29.44%. The total increase in return on equity at Starbucks was 4.12% which represents a percentage increase of 16.27% in comparison with the previous year. The increase in return on equity at Starbucks is a good indicator. It prov es so far that the company has invested its added debt total smartly and that the company is more profitable. The financial ratio analyzes performed on Starbucks shows the company heading in a good direction. The firm added a lot of long term debt but the money apparently spend wisely in capital projects that raised the level of income of the company. The company’s ability to pay its

Paintings by Peter Paul Ruben and Nicolas Poussin Essay

Paintings by Peter Paul Ruben and Nicolas Poussin - Essay Example The essay "Paintings by Peter Paul Ruben and Nicolas Poussin" analyzes two painting by Peter Paul Ruben and Nicolas Poussin.Both of the women in Ruben’s picture are also of a higher social class, which is evident by their well-kempt hairstyles and the flowing, silky fabrics which lie at feet of one of the daughters. From the painted image, both young women look to be somewhat naive as if they were taken by surprise by their raping captors during what might have been a leisurely picnic or stroll through the countryside. Clearly, by the expression on both of the young women’s faces, they are not delighted by being chosen for this activity and likely have no previous experience with being the objects of desire by men who are not of their higher social class. The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus also seems to illustrate that Rubens sees women as a lesser being than men, in terms of physical strength and in the expression of personal desires. It seems that Rubens, perhaps based on the social culture of the time, views women as merely objects of desire who have no rights to defend themselves and should be recognized as extremely inferior to the yearnings of warrior men. This is evident by the look of crazed passion on the faces of the women’s captors and the expressions of dissatisfaction on the faces of the daughters. Clearly, in this picture, the sexual power hierarchy favors the male persona and the rapists hold all of the power over their lesser female victims. It is also evident.

Rewrite and clarification of problem statement and Lit review Essay

Rewrite and clarification of problem statement and Lit review - Essay Example Social support is commonly employed as a means to pacify the tense individuals. Social support plays an important role in solving marital problems and has provided greatly improved the marital satisfaction among couples conventionally. Social support is very important tool for dealing with marital problems and often leads to positive outcomes. It is deemed good for the sustainability of marriage as well as the psychological wellbeing of the whole family (Cummings, 1998, p. 78). Owing to the noticeable usability of social support in sustaining a marriage, there has been blossoming interest in studying the role of social support in safeguarding marriages from potentially pathogenic effects of marital problems (Verhofstadt et al, 2005, p. 23). People even seek counseling when there is no proper need for it. However, it is a useful practice. One does not have to get extremely distressed in order to seek help (Goodman, 1999, p. 342). â€Å"Marriage  counseling  is a type of relations hip therapy that focuses on building and maintaining a strong, healthy marriage† (Foster, 2011). Social support providers have developed counseling programs to suit the needs of elderly couples who conventionally remain out of the focus. However, elderly couples feel much more reluctant than young couples to seek social support in order to improve their marital relationship. In context of this matter, factors that may influence the alliance of the elderly people with the social support provider become concerns of prime importance. In order for the marriage counselor to gain a firm understanding of the underlying issues causing trouble in the marital relationship of the client, he/she needs to know about various matters related to the married life of the client. It is a must for the marriage counselor to develop a certain level of intimacy with the couple so that the job can be done appropriately. It is highly unlikely for a client to make a collaborative relationship with a co unselor without the existence of trust between the two (Sheth and Sobel, 2000, p. 4). One way in which their reluctance can be overcome is by developing marital counseling programs particularly to suit the needs of elderly people. There are several factors that play a decisive role in determining the level of intimacy between the client and the marriage counselor. Such factors include but are not limited to the age, sex, race, language and culture of both the client and the marriage counselor. Culture that the client and the counselor mutually share directs adequate need-based practices and behaviors (Oladipo and Balogun, 2010, p. 5). Physical attributes influence the formation of initial impressions between strangers (Newcomb et al., 1965). According to Beutler et al. (1986), the chronological age greatly impacts the initial impressions that clients form of counselors. Because of their limited experience, many young counselors have little to no experience of interaction with an old client. The very lack of experience on the part of young counselors limits their comfort or interest in dealing with the old people (San, 2011). It is quite likely for an old client to be skeptical about the eligibility of a young marriage counselor in helping him improve his marital relationship with his spouse. Several theories provide the hypothesis about the views of old clients in need of

Leadership Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Assignment - Essay Example If people believe in themselves, it's amazing what they can achieve.† (Brown, 2007) Some people are born to lead and Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr is one of them History and background Al Gore was born on 31st of March in 1948 and served as the 45th vice president of the U. S. of America under the administration of president bill Clinton. Al gore was the nominee from the Democratic Party in 2000 for the election of the president of United States (Gore and Media, 2006). Al Gore is at present a writer, entrepreneur, and environmental campaigner (Berlet, 1995). He has formerly served as an US elected official for almost 24 years, and he represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives from the year 1977 to 1985, and later he served in the U.S. Senate from the year 1985 to 1993, and then finally he became the Vice President of united states of America in 1993. Even though in the 2000 election campaign, Al Gore won the popular vote by an amazing 500,000 votes and more. But, he could not stand up and eventually had to lose the Electoral College as well as the election, to Republican George W. Bush and this happened due to the Florida re counting case that Supreme Court ruled in the favor of GW bush. This has happened only once in the history of United States that Supreme Court has ruled in any president elections. Early Childhood Al gore was born in the hub of US that he was born in the Washington DC it self, he was the second child of Al gore senior who also was a representative in the senate from the state of Tennessee , his mother Pauline al gore graduated from the university of Vanderbilt ( its law school). One of his sisters died young due to lung cancer. The ancestors of al gore were Scottish and Irish who settled in Virginia in the middle of the 17th century and shifted to Tennessee after the war of revolution. During the year when he went to school he resided with his family in The Fairfax Hotel located in the Embassy Row section in Washington D .C. Al gore family was also in to cattle and farming, as in summer vacations al gore use to go to Tennessee and help on the family farms which grew tobacco and hay. Al Gore early schooling was from the St. Albans School in Washington, D.C. which was from the year 1956 to year 1965; this school was considered as a prestigious feeder school which prepared its students for the Ivy League colleges. Al gore was also into sports as he became the captain of the football team, was also in throw disc team and last but not the least participated in foot ball. He was also interested subject like in arts and government, he graduated and applied for the most prestigious college in the states that is Harvard and also got accepted Al gore’s political career for the US presidential candidate was a short one; Let's say you were dreaming up the ideal stealth applicant for 2008 presidential elections, A Democrat who could be a part of the Presidential race when the party confronts its doubts ab out the lead runners. Mostly the candidate should be some one like Barack Obama that the United States have in recent times. Especially when Iraq was one of the main targets for the US, and to hold US’s sovereignty it was very important to have a man who could deliver what he promised. Also it was very important to have a candidate who was rough and tough and knew how to handle the world through a center

Ways Ecommerce May Increase Customer Service Levels Commerce Essay

Ways Ecommerce May Increase Customer Service Levels Commerce Essay Introduction: In now days where the level of technology is increased after each minute; it is very difficult to run large business like that of HASM Company with traditional approach only. In order to success in the market place and global competition, you need to have an online approach. The level of customer services will of course increase more and more by having an e-commerce service. The following are some reason why the introduction of e-commerce service might affect the level of customer services provided: Range of customers can get services at the time: Instead of providing services to customers one after another in traditional approach and leaving others waiting on the cue for services; using e-commerce is different, many customers may get services at the time. This is possible because in the e-commerce mode of service providing, many activities are done by automatic systems. There fore, there is a great benefit to have an e-commerce service as a mode of business. Its very easy to make follow up on the service provided: If the customer made purchase via e-commerce, that customer is automatically inserted in the companys customer database. There fore, the company will know its customers details along with their contact and addresses. For that reason, it will be easy to make follow up to the services provided by the company and make sure the client get the order in time. This will increase the customer satisfaction and products improvement. Its also builds an effective relationship between customers and the company. Customers will get services from anywhere and anytime: E-commerce service is available worldwide 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 52 weeks a year. For that benefit customers may make purchases at anywhere and anytime they need to purchase. However this is not possible through traditional approach where service is provided by limited time. This makes the level of customer service to be higher only by having an e-commerce service. Customers will look after themselves: In e-commerce service, many activities that are done by customer service argents in traditional mode of business are done by customers themselves. In traditional mode of business, customer service argents are doing every thing needed in order the purchase to occur. But it is different to the e-commerce services where so many activities are done by customers themselves. For example, there is a software called auto responder which may be used by the company for responding to many routine customer queries; always this software is installed to the company telephones in which many routine customer questions and their related answers are inserted; there fore, when customers dial for asking questions, their questions may be answered by this system; only technical rare questions may be answered by customer service argents. Easier for customer to place order: Using an e-commerce customer may easier keep their order, just going to the site, choosing the products that he/she deeds and place an order for those products. Customer can easily order what they want at any time. Potential Advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce to customers Advantages: Customers will cut many costs, in e-commerce costs are cut down from customers. For example, there will be no transport cost to follow up on their order since theyll purchase and the company will make sure they product are delivered to them, therefore theyll avoid parking costs while visiting to each shop, they wont be any intermediaries and at all when using e-commerce service. Customers will save plant of time and money for not visiting the stores physically: Before making purchase of course customers will need to do some researches about the products they want to buy which this can be done from anywhere could be at home, office anyplace that the client feels is appropriate to do so. In traditional mode of business, this is the hardest stage which doesnt give the customers alternative at all. But it is different with e-commerce where customers may do their research many times as the please go through different exciting shops within few minutes without having to go there physically. The will no closure at any time: Because e-commerce business is available 24 hours a day and every day, there is no closure of business. There fore, customers may buy products at anytime that appropriate for them. E-commerce provides the service need all the time. Customers satisfaction is well considered: In e-commerce business, there is a customer database in which all customers who bought products at the company they previous recorded are and their contact and addresses details are kept, however this details will be use to sending them promotions. This leads to customer satisfaction and a royal relationship between the company and its client. Payment method this is done online/ bank transfers: This helps customers to avoid the serious problem of money lost during the journey of visiting shops with cash on hand, which in traditional approach its must cash or credit cards on hand whatever you pay visit to the store. With e-commerce it give them an easy and safe alternative Instead of visiting with money or they credit cards, e-commerce enables customers to pay online/ through their bank accounts or electronic money transfer. Disadvantages of e-commerce to customers: It is difficult for potential customers to believe the order delivering process: For potential customer is difficult to tell him/her about the order delivering process and trust it. Customers may ask themselves many questions, like, how safe my order will arrive; the order I had kept is the exactly one I will get; and other related questions. There is range of threats to e-commerce business: This is also a serious problem in e-commerce business. There are many threats which make customer fear about the safety of this mode of business. Some times customer money may be stolen by hackers; some times customer important details may be stolen or lost along the way. There fore, customer may feel this is no safe mode of transaction. E-commerce service is for literate people only: Of course to use e-commerce customers need to know how to read and write and also to use computer literacy especially in Microsoft Internet Explorer. There fore, for illiterate customers it is difficult to use this service. Language difference: Because e-commerce customers are from different nations, the language difference problem must occur. For example, the web page may be designed for English language; it will be difficult for people who do not know English to buy products they need. How to counter E-Commerce Problems There should be good security policies in order to ensure that there is safety to both customers and the company. The customer service team should be very careful on processing order and delivering them. The web designers should keep a languages options for customers, which contains all international languages, this will enable customer to visit the site by his/her national language. The site should be designed in simple programming language which helps non computers to access the site. Guidance for e-commerce websites: The e-commerce regulations does your website comply: They are three web tools for building better website for less, These three tools will help them find free graphics, instantly, discover an available domain name and create a members-only website to generate their income. More business marketing tips to guide the customers on finding their where about on what they need on e-commerce service. TASK 5 MARKETING PLANNING FOR HASM COMPANY Introduction: Many business conducted using traditional approach are retarding. This is because range of customers buys their products and other needs online. In addition the costs required to conduct such business are very high. For that reason many business now are conducted through online approach because the costs of operating it are lower and it is profitable. In addition customers are now shifted to an electronic plat form business. If the HASM Company introduces an e-commerce mode of business, it will grow faster, and be on higher position compare to the other market competitors, and also it will increase its profits more and more. However, it will be easy to monitor the business operation activities. Therefore I recommend that the HASM Company introduce an e-commerce site for its business. Marketing Planning for e-commerce takes about 6 key activities that when addressed very well the business will be more successful and meet its expectation level. The key activities are as follow: SITUATION ANALYSIS: Here we need to identify the current environment of the business and the future environment of the business. For that manner we need to look at the following key factors for situation analysis: Demand analysis: Here we analyze the demand of the business the site and projected customers. This is done by the answers of the following questions: What is the percentage of customer business have access through the internet? What is the percentage of member of the buying unit in these business have access to the internet? What is the percentage of customers are prepared to buy product online? What percentage of customers with the access to the internet are not prepared to purchase online, but they are influenced by web-based to buy offline? What are the barriers to the adoption amongst customers and can we encourage them to adopt it? Competitor analysis: Here we analyze the e-business services or products offered by your competitors and adopted by their customers. In order to success on this, the HSM Company should review on, well-known local competitors, well-known international competitors, and new internet companies locally and world wide. Therefore from these competitors you need to review the products offered and the customers adoptions. Look for those products offered by these competitors and with high customer adoption. Keep those products if they havent done it. Intermediary analysis: Here we analyze whether our competitors have any special sponsorship arrangements and micro-site created with intermediaries? The other aspect for situation analysis for intermediaries is the way in which the marketplace is operated. And to what extent do competitors are using disintermediation and reinter mediation? OBJECTIVE SETTING: After analyzing the situation, we now set our objectives. Our objectives will affect the almost all the other following activities i.e. strategies, tactics, actions, and control. Therefore, we should very careful on objectives setting. There are many objectives used in objective setting, but the best approach for HASM is SMART approach which stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-constrained. However, the objective set by HASM should follow that approach effectively. It should set objectives which are specific, easy to be measured, which are achievable, realistic and should be specified for that period time. STRATEGY: This is the next step in marketing planning where the company set its ways in which the objectives set will be achieved. In setting the strategies, we will look at the following important areas: Market and Product positioning: The site offers the opportunity for HASM to change its products or modifying them. In this stage the company set the marketing position to them self and also their products to sell. This case was first stated by Ansoff (1957). He developed four options for positioning the business: market penetration, market development, product development, and diversification. Market penetration is the selling of existing product but in new market; market development means selling existing products into existing market; product development means selling new products into existing market; and diversification means selling different products to a new market. Therefore, for the HASM goals, the best approach is market penetration approach. Target market strategies: Here there is evaluation and selection of appropriate segments and appropriate offers. In this step we choose the segment of customers to provide services to and we select the appropriate offers to offer them. The products to sell depends on the segment we selected. For example, if the HASM Company selected the young customers, the products that it should offer are modern products, digital and of higher quality. TACTICS: These are the ways in which the strategies planned will be achieved and implemented. Here we shall look at 4Ps of Products, Price, Place, and Promotion. And other 3 Ps of People, Process, and Physical evidence. After looking at these factors we should also look PESTEL factors which we shall discuss them letter. Products: Here we select the quality of products we need to offer. The quality of those products should focus to the segment we had positioned ourselves in. For example, if we select young customers we should sell the modern audio equipments and of higher quality. Price: Here we set the price of the products we shall offer. The price will be set according to the costs we use and the level of profit we need. For example, if we sell high quality products the price should be higher to exceed all costs. Place: Here we choose the place to offer our products. But because we use e-commerce our products will be sold globally. Promotion (communication): After selecting the segment and products to sell, we should communicate our site to those we have selected to be our customers. Therefore, the site will be promoted to those targeted customers. The site will be promoted using online media and offline media. Online media include mobile phones, internet, e-mails, TVs, etc. and offline media are newspapers, signboards, radios, and journals, etc. ACTIONS: These are activities done by managers to execute the plan. When specifying actions you need to ask yourself the following questions: What level of investment in the internet channel to deliver the expected services? What will be the payback? What training of staff is required? What new responsibilities are required for effective internet marketing? Are changes in organizational structure required? What activities are involved in creating and maintaining the web site? CONTROL: The control process can combine both online and traditional approach. For example, we can conduct marketing research to obtain customers views about the web site and also we can use online analysis of web-server log files that uses technology to monitor whether objectives are achieved. Use of Information Gathered from Visitors for Marketing Activities The company will get information from visitors through different ways, for example, customer may send e-mail to the company to explain queries of the site; company may get information through the marketing researches which tells how many people visited the site, how many were bought, how many asked, how many left without appreciating, and why? These sources of information will be used by marketers for marketing activities. TASK 6 SECURITY POLICY TO AN E-COMMERCE SITE Introduction: The biggest problem in e-commerces known? It is the issue about security which makes this mode of business to be like theft to the eyes of those who have low knowledge about e-commerce. Many potential customers remain on cross road about this mode of business when they think about the safety of this business. The following are three keys that are highly important part to an e-commerce business: Authentication Access control Data integrity Authentication: Authentication this is the part of security policy which helps merchant to identify whether who claims to be the customer is true or thief. Also helps customer to identify whether who claims to be merchant is true or theft. Possible threat that may occur: For example, when this part of the security policy is not adequate addressed; a person may pretend as customer and may steal transaction or credit card details might from merchant. On the other hand a person may pretend as a merchant and steals transaction details from the customer. But by the presence of this security policy, this theft might be stopped. Access control: Access control is the one among the security policies which disable those who are not authority to access a certain data. This is done normally by keeping passwords to those data which are known only by people who are authority to access them. Possible threat that may occur: For example, a person who has no authority to access certain data may access them and causes the dangerous thing to the business development. It doesnt matter if this person is inside or outside the company. For example, the data from an accountant do not required to be shared by anyone else who is not involve at that particular department in the company. On the other hand some marketing data do not required to be known by competitors. Therefore, when there is security on accessing the data the safety of this information will be maintained. Data integrity: This is the software which checks whether the message sent is complete, i.e. not corrupted. Sometimes messages come to the company inbox are incomplete, therefore, this security part may identify such errors on the messages. Possible threat that may occur: When the message sent is incomplete or corrupted causes the user of that message to record the data which is incomplete or incorrect. For example, when these data are information from customers for keeping their orders; the receiver may receive the incomplete data and record them hopping that customers sent only that of he/she has been received. The hard problem come while customer receives the order and sees is incomplete. Then the problem comes between customer and company, and if this problem is adequately addressed, it may break the company image and the relationship with their client. TASK 7 WAYS OF MEASURING BENEFITS OF AN E-COMMERCE SITE To be able to know whether your e-commerce site is profitable to your business or not you need to have some ways of measuring the benefits. Nothing can be monitored without having any measurement success or development of it, and also e-commerce has its ways of measuring its development. The following are five different ways of measuring the benefits of e-commerce site that were presented by Chaffey (2000): Measuring business contribution: This measures the contribution of the site in terms of revenue, new market penetrations, cost and profitability. Revenues measured here are direct and indirect revenues. Also here we measure how the site contributes on the category penetration and how far the company has been expanded. However, we also measure cost and profitability of the site; therefore, we analyze the cost used to manage business under e-commerce and also the profit gained as the result of e-commerce. Measuring marketing outcomes: Here we measure what e-commerce site leads to the business; the sales volume after having an e-commerce site; the service contacts; and conversion and contribution efficiencies. Therefore, we will look at what e-commerce lead to our business whether positive or negative out come. Also we check the level of sales if it has increased or decreased. The level of customer services is higher or degrades. And also we will look at what conversion had brought as a result of e-commerce. Measuring Customer satisfaction: Here we measure site usability, performance, and contact strategies. Therefore, under this circumstance of measurement the site benefits. We shall also measure how many customers use our site (frequently or rarely); the performance of our business since weve introduces our site; and also we shall measure the contact strategies of the site. Measuring Customer behavior: When customer visits to our site we can note contents he/she accesses, at which time, and for how long stays to the site? And also we will examine whether he/she is satisfied or not, for example he/she buy or keep an order? Measuring the site promotion: Here we measure attraction efficiency, referrer efficiency, cost of acquisition and reach. By this method we shall know how the site helps on attracting new potential customers; also we measure the referrer efficiency, referrer is the site that visitor previously visited before following a link; also we will measure the cost that we had used to acquire the site and reach our targeted customers. The most Appropriate Way to be used by HASM in Measuring Benefits of E-Commerce The most appropriate ways in measuring the benefits of e-commerce for HASM are Business Contribution Measure and Customer satisfaction measure. The combination of these two measurements is most appropriate to HASM because: Business contribution measures the site earnings which is why they exist. Business contribution also measures the contribution of the site on expansion of the business Business contribution also measures the cost used and profit gained which tell us whether the site is profitable or not. Customer satisfaction measures the degree of the site in satisfying customer, because we exist by satisfying our customers. And these two ways measure all measurement to all 5 ways of measuring the benefits of e-commerce. Conclusion